Inequality Between Men And Women - 1472 Words

Since the beginning of time there has been inequality between men and women. This can be traced back to the days when the men would and hunt and gather and the women would stay home and take on the homemaking such as taking care of the children, cooking, and cleaning the house. Until 1920 when women were finally allowed to vote, gender inequality was very apparent. More recently, gender inequality presents itself in the form of gender wage gaps. Although some argue women get paid the same wages as men, there are enormous amounts of evidence that proves this wage gap is definitely still present. The wage gap is noticeable to many, however, pin pointing the causes and solving them are not as easy as some might think. In order to actually understand this injustice, many factors must be taken into account to discover what is actually going on in society today and why this mistreatment is still happening. The only way to truly understand this problem and what steps should be taken to fix it takes research into what the main causes are and ways that it can be combatted. Although the wage gap between female and male pay is complicated and somewhat hard to understand, it can be summed up by just a few main causes. One of the main arguments as to what researchers say causes the gender wage gap is choice of occupation When a woman chooses a job as a nanny or waitress, she will get paid less than a male who chooses a job as a factory worker or an engineer. This cause is something womenShow MoreRelatedInequality Between Men And Women1315 Words   |  6 Pages Inequality between Men and Women Trisha Stafford American Public University System Mrs. Decter Table of Contents Introduction 3 Defining â€Å"Social Problem† 3 Explaining Sociological Viewpoint 3 Chosen Social Problem Introduction 3 Thesis 3 Defining Sexism 3 Why is it a social problem? 3-4 Statistics 4 Identifying and Defining Four Concepts Related to Sexism 4-5 How is this problem being addressed? 5 Conclusion 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreInequality Between Men And Women1705 Words   |  7 Pages For generations, women and men have been held to different standards when it came to the work force and in recent years, the United States has began to see a breakthrough with these barriers starting to diminish. However, pay inequality still remains prevalent. Men and women working the same jobs are not receiving the same wages and that doesn’t make sense to majority of society. As of 2013, women are only making about 78% of what men make (Hill, 2015) and into 2015 we’re still hovering around theRead MoreThe Inequality B etween Men And Women1545 Words   |  7 Pagesspeech, the press, and religion. Even with these rights in the past the United States was still full of inequality, with African Americans and women not having the same rights as white men. After fighting for their rights these minority groups have gained many rights that our founding fathers probably never would predict they would have. Regardless of these rights gained there is still inequality in our country, even in the 21st century. The Constitution is made up of several amendments that have beenRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women921 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the history of mankind, women have not been in the workforce until recently. A woman s place has mainly been at the home, until only about sixty years ago. Women would take care of the children, cook, clean, care for the sick, and when needed, they would be extra labor around the farm. Women first started to work in large numbers during the industrial revolu tion, mainly in the textile industry. Since then, most women have gone into the workforce. Today a family cannot survive on theRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women1529 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, women have been treated differently than men. History teaches us that in the past, women could not own property, women could not vote and women were often denied the opportunity to work at paying jobs and were often expected to stay home to raise and care for their families. One would think that now in the year 2014, the inequality and inequity between men and women would be a thing of the past; something we would be learning about only in history. However, in today’s society, theRead MoreInequality Between Men And Women3322 Words   |  14 PagesFor generations, women and men have been held to different standards when it came to the work force and in recent years, the United States has began to see a breakthrough with these barriers starting to diminish. However, pay inequality still remains prevalent. Men and women working the same jobs are not receiving the same wages and that doesn’t make sense to majority of society. As of 2013, women are only making about 78% of what men make (Hill, 2015) and into 2015 we’re still hovering around theRead MoreInequality Between Men And Women1765 Words   |  8 PagesInequalities between men and women are produced and reproduced in the family, the community, the market and the state. What is the role of mainstream social and economic institutions in tackling injustice and discrimination in society? Gender inequalities means the unequal treatment or perception of individual based on their gender (Wikipedia, 2010). It mainly comes up from the different gender based designed roles in a society. Gender inequality stems from distinction wether empirically groundedRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women2479 Words   |  10 Pagestaking notice of the inequality between men and women that has taken place in organizations for multiple years in history. Women are facing many challenges with trying to be viewed as equals among their male counterparts, but these challenges are nothing that a woman will be able to change on her own. The question is why is it so hard for gender diversity to be incorporated into the work place, but not only that is how can it actually being to make a difference for all women employees in every organizationRead MoreThe Structural Inequality Between Men And Women875 Words   |  4 Pagesbe talking about the structural inequality between men and women in a work place. I will argue that women should be able to excel and reach the same high management position as a man. Over several years, many industries have made significant changes in their work environment to achieve equality between genders. When looking back on what seems to be a societal norm, wage discrimination has always been in favour of men. A main issue in the workplace is that women are often separated into job categoriesRead MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women1094 Words   |  5 PagesWomen always have to face the gender equality, in any country. There will always be some problem regarding the topic gender inequality between men and women was socially constructed and has existed for only about 6000 years (page no.293). From thousand years ago, the society characterised by patriarchy. A system in which power is in the hands of men and many aspects of women’s life controlled by men. However, 20th century started to change everything and we saw lots of change even now. Society began

The Mysterious LSD Essay - 2651 Words

Since the 1930’s lysergic acid diethylamide, also known as the hallucinogen LSD, has been a topic of controversy and mystery. The components of LSD are lysergic acid and diethylamide. As part of the ergoline family, LSD is often classified as a synthetic drug because it is produced only in a laboratory (Petechuk 10). Users of LSD are people from solid middle- and upper-class backgrounds. They have many opportunities to pursue higher education and to have successful careers (Petechuk 9). To most, this statistic would seem unusual, but LSD is notorious for giving keen insights to life, which is the main interest for its atypical consumers. Another attraction of the drug is its lack of addictive properties. Addiction is a recurrence for†¦show more content†¦Dr. Hofmann recorded his accidental high and said, At home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination in a dreamlike state, with eyes closed (I found daylight to be glaring), I perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of colors. After some two hours this condition faded away. (quoted in Petechuk 13) Three days later, Hofmann decided to test out his research again. He took 0.25 milligrams of LSD, this time on purpose. This is a very small dose in comparison to the dosages required for other drugs. After taking the LSD, Hofmann experienced unusual sensory experiences, not all of them were pleasant. He then knew that this drug was very powerful (Petechuk 13). â€Å"Between the second World War, when Dr. Albert Hofmann accidentally got high with his invention of LSD, and in the late ’60s there were thousands of studies conducted by medical and psychiatric researchers looking int o the therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs† (Antonia). Hofmann’s experiments had opened the minds of many scientists, making them curious as to what LSD could potentially have in store for the future of medicine. â€Å"The extraordinary mental effects of LSD described in 1943 by Hofmann prompted hope in the following two decades that a powerful therapeutic tool was atShow MoreRelatedTeenagers, Drugs , and Peer Pressure Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesdrug is LSD , which is a little similar to E. It alters a persons perception of sights, sounds, and touch etc, a person that has taken LSD might see or hear things that dont exist. Known as acid, this drug is extremely powerful, once teaspoon can contain up to 25000 doses. Only 200 micrograms is needed for one trip. The danger of LSD is that the effect of LSD is extremely unpredictable since it depends on a persons physical conditions and also his/her mood. About one hour after taking LSD itllRead MoreSymbols That Ar en t Very Child Appropriate For A Disney Book Or Movie1146 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent implications of drugs hidden inside the story. For instance, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, also known as LSD, is a hallucinogen which can alter your mind to make you see things that are not as they appear, such as Wonderland. The word ‘white’, as in the white rabbit symbolizes many drugs, such as Methamphetamine, Amphetamine and Amphetamine mixtures, Cocaine, Heroine, Diacetylmorphine, and LSD. ( http://www.angelfire.com/nt/nic2031/alice_in_wonderland.htm) Another example is Alicefalling down theRead MoreSymbolism And Origin Is The Cheshire Cat702 Words   |  3 PagesFor example one character within the story that critics are unsure of his symbolism and origin is the Cheshire Cat. In the story the Cheshire Cat is a mysterious character. He appeared when he choose to and disappeared a moment later. He had an odd sense of a personality, but spoke to Alice using wise words and though ts. â€Å"It is not 100% clear why Carroll named this character ‘Cheshire Cat’. â€Å"To grin like a Cheshire Cat† was a common phrase in Carroll’s day. Its origin is unknown, but it may haveRead MoreEssay on John Coltrane1679 Words   |  7 Pagesbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Borgmann 5 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The world of jazz belonged to Coltrane during the sixties. He pushed the boundaries of jazz, while drawing ever-increasing audiences. But he was still searching for â€Å"the mysterious sound† or his own sound. He described the sound for which he was in search of was like holding a seashell to his ear. â€Å"However one describes the strange sound, it contained some essential truth for him, existing as an omnipresent background humRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1672 Words   |  7 Pagesmore subtle form of protest. â€Å"Mr. Tambourine Man† is rich with expressions of emotion. With a new personal approach to songwriting, Dylan takes feelings that he was perhaps dealing with at the time, absorbs them, and artfully crafts them into mysterious lyrics that are simply enamoring. The song has a bright, expansive melody accompanied by Dylan’s jaunty vocals that is beautifully mesmerizing. The song is about the feeling of being trapped in a miserable existence and the desperate yearningRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1869 Words   |  8 Pagesthe government should have been stricter with their drug enforcement laws which could have prevented many problems: the widespread of LSD was dangerous to society, laws should be enforced so people cannot break them without consequences, and the damage of drug use depends on the type but is, ultimately, harmful to the user. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, also known as LSD, is a drug that was originally developed by a Swiss chemist named Albert Hoffman, with the original purpose of stimulating breathingRead MoreJohn Coltrane Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesroom and went through a very painful withdrawal. When he left that room, he was a cured man, and never touched heroin or alcohol again. During those two weeks, Coltrane had undergone a spiritual rebirth that would send him on his quest to find the mysterious sound . This transformation was documented on his album A Love Supreme (1964), considered by many to be the best recording of his solo career. On the album cover, Coltrane wrote- During the year 1957, I experienced, by the grace of God, a spiritualRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : Witchcraft Trials1726 Words   |  7 Pagescould have been caused by microfungi in the rye bread. These outbreaks the girls had would have been called ergotism. Professor Mary K. Matossian said ergot (food poisoning) â€Å"is the source of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and it may include natural alkatoids that act like LSD. People under the influence of this compound tend to be highly suggestible. They may see formed images-for instance, of people, animals or religious scenes-whether their eyes are open or closed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Meltzer). Some of the symptomsRead MoreEssay about One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest1220 Words   |  5 Pagessubject of psychology. In 1959 he volunteer to take part in a study named Project MKULTRA, this was a CIA funded project dealing with psychoactive drugs. Some of the drugs included were LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT, and DMT.   This and his work at the state veterans hospital, which gave him access to LSD, inspired him to write One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. At the state veterans hospital, Kesey spent a lot of time talking to the patients. sometimes under the influence of the hallucinogenicRead More Juvenile Drug Use Essay2126 Words   |  9 Pages24). Another popular drug is LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), which is a little similar to E. It alters a persons perception of sights, sounds, and touch etc, a person that has taken LSD might see or hear things that dont exist (The Information Series on Current Topics 25). Known as acid, this drug is extremely powerful, once teaspoon can contain up to 25000 doses. Only 200 micrograms is needed for one trip. The danger of LSD is that the effect of LSD is extremely unpredictable since

Seaborne Energy Business 2030 free essay sample

BP (2012) stated that in 2011 global oil consumption has increased 0. 7 per cent to reach 88 million BOPD. Despite the fact that the consumption is not picturing a significant amount of growth, according to UNCTAD (2012), in the same period crude oil load capacity reached 1. 8 billion tons and has an account for approximately one third of the total world seaborne trade. Meanwhile, global consumption of coal has increased significantly in the same period. As BP (2012) mentioned in the BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012, coal has grew by 5. per cent, which is the only fossil fuel that increased above the average and the fastest growing energy outside renewable energy. Coal trade across countries are also illustrated remarkable growth. Between year 1999 and 2011 in tonne mile unit coal trade has risen 67 per cent to a number of 2196 tonne miles (UNCTAD, 2012). Furthermore, another energy source that has a very promising prospect to the world seaborne trade is LNG. We will write a custom essay sample on Seaborne Energy Business 2030 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page LNG is the third sources of energy most consumed globally, after oil and coal. This type of nergy has shown a considerable escalation in the last 10 years. Since 2000, LNG consumption has grown by over 30 per cent (BP, 2012). Likewise, from 1999 to 2011, LNG seaborne trade has escalated way more significant, which reach the number of 258 per cent (UNCTAD, 2012). Lastly, the other prospectus energy that possibly able to provide sustainability to the world energy and could play a greater role in the future is non fossil fuel energy especially renewable energy. Currently, this type of energy has an account of 2. per cent of world energy consumption, which has risen from 0. 7 per cent in 2001 (BP, 2012). In present time, the contribution of this energy may not be very significant to world seaborne energy trade but with the steady growth and declining of oil reserves as the main sources of energy, renewable energy is reckoned to contribute more in the future and it might affected to the world seaborne energy trade. With all the facts aforementioned, it is important to generate a projection on how the energy consumption and production proportion is distributed in the future. Since seaborne transport business is a derives demand, it is essential to predict the development of the commodity, in this case is energy, in order to have a general picture of the energy seaborne transport business in the future. It is therefore, this essay will examine the development of this issue, which will focus on crude oil, coal, LNG, and renewable energy transport business especially in the year of 2030. 2. GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND PROJECTION 2030 Demand of energy production that leads to energy transportation is mainly affected by the amount of its consumption. According to BP (2012) energy consumption driven by two main aspects that are population and income (GDP). In the year 2030, world population is projected to grow by 1. 4 billion, which is 0. 9 per cent per annum. Growth of GDP are also display a similar trends. Driven by low and medium income economies, the growth in the next 20 years is projected to accelerate reach the number of 3. 7 per cent, raising from 3. 2 per cent in the 1990-2010 period. However, increase in population and GDP growth is not necessarily surge the primary energy consumption. As expressed in BP Energy Outlook 2030 (BP, 2012), primary energy consumption growth from 2010 to 2030, which dominated by the supply of crude oil production, is decelerated to 1. 6 per cent compared to 2. 0 per cent between 1990 and 2010. The main factor to this is major decline of world crude oil reserves by that year. Another factor that has emerged this situation is global improvement of energy efficiency, especially for OECD countries that shifting the utilisation of oil to renewable for road transportation and change from coal to the same type energy in power generation. Despite the deceleration, primary energy still has a substantial account to the entire world energy consumption. The proportion of primary energy consumption and world primary energy shares between 2010 and 2030 show in the graph below. As presented in figure 1, the majority of total global energy consumption still contributed by the primary energy, which consist of crude oil, coal, and LNG. In 2030, these three main energy commodities are project to be consumed over 12billion TOE (tonne of oil equivalent) globally, which approximately 70 per cent of total energy consumed. Moreover, from the graph it can be seen the development of each form of energy illustrating a different tendency. Crude oil as the most consumable energy in the last 20 years is not display a significant development. Decline in its reserves cause the crude oil no longer provide sustainability to global consumer. However, the amount of oil consumed in 2030 is reasonably immense and still provide a great contribution to the global consumer with a little less than 30 per cent (figure 2). On the other hand, the development of the other two primary energies is considerably high. Gas particularly, is predicted to grow steadily in the next 20 years and become the fastest growing fuel fossils. As can be seen in the figure 2, gas supply share to the world’s energy consumption will reach over 20 per cent by 2030. The gas supply to the global energy consumer will be represented by grow fasting LNG supply, which reach the number of 4. 5 per cent per annum faster than total gas supply (2. 1 per cent). Meanwhile, growth of global coal consumption is displaying a steady trend up until 2030 (figure 1). The coal consumption projected to increase until around 2020 but start to decline afterwards with China as the main consumer of this energy end their rapid consumption. Nevertheless, by 2030 coal overtake oil on the world primary energy share (figure 2). Moreover, the consumption of non fossil fuel energy in 2030 is projected to grow massively (34 per cent) and will have a much larger proportion to the global energy consumption as can be seen in both figures. Non fossil fuel, renewable in particular will be very important by that year as immense needs of sustainable power for electricity and transport fuel will emerge the development of this type of energy. 3. CRUDE OIL SEABORNE TRADE Aforementioned, the growth of crude oil demand will not have a significant improvement, which reflected on the consumption growth that only 0. 6 per cent annually between 2010 and 2030 (BP, 2012). This situation gives a serious impact to the crude oil tanker business. Grossman et al (2006) expressed the perspective of crude oil tanker business in 2030 is shaded by the uncertainty. The high amount of oil price, declining reserves of crude oil and limitation in production capacity could affect the world crude oil trade. However, in spite of many uncertainties here and there, there are still some good trends concerning this business. One of the upsides is increase in transported distances, which will have several benefits especially for large size tanker vessel. As declining of mature oil field reserves that have relatively close distance to the major importing countries and geopolitical problems on pipeline developments, the dependence of the importers to major producers in Africa and Middle East is extremely high. Grossman et al (2006) added in Maritime Trade and Transport Logistic Strategy 2030, the crude oil exports share of Middle East countries will raise to over 60 per cent, which means the tanker trade from there to major exporters will have the same trends. Figure 3 below, present the crude oil trade flows in 2030 carry by tanker vessel. It can be seen that major importing countries especially in the Asia region have a massive dependence on crude oil trade from Middle East. China for instance, is projected to import the oil from Middle East for approximately 5. 9 million BPD (IEEJ, 2006), increase over 50 per cent from 2011 (EIA, 2012). The main factor of this is decline of China oil production to only 2 million BPD. Trends on decline in production capacity also occurred on other East Asia countries. Accumulatively, other East Asian countries outside China and Japan only produced oil slightly over 2 million BPD, which forced them to import more, especially from Middle East region that reach 10. 6 million BPD. Meanwhile, Japan and India that traditionally are net importers of oil is predicted to import oil from Middle East for 3. 6 and 6. 6 million BPD, respectively. In total, Asian region projected to import almost 30 million BPD from Middle East Region in 2030. One of the effects of this situation is increment of crude oil tanker traffic around Strait of Malacca and Singapore. As shown in the Figure 4, the number of VLCC passing this strait will increase up to 8646 almost doubled from 2010 and oil traded through this area reach 24. 7 million BPD, which on one hand is good for country’s income but on the other hand it will cause a reasonably intense congestion. Furthermore, US and Western Europe as the major market stakeholders for oil also depends on crude oil transportation. US particularly, despite they still produce considerably large amount of oil, they still have to import it from Middle East, Africa and Latin America because their production capacity is no longer fulfil the domestic market. Total oil trade from those three regions reach slightly over 10 million BPD, which is still below their domestic production rate. Whilst, for Western European market, the dependence on seaborne oil trade from other region is not as a high as both US or Asian countries since they still have pipeline distribution from Eastern Europe, Russia especially. Furthermore, in the long term scenario, as production capacity will reach the peak number in this period, increment of the production rate is no longer able to satisfy the demand. As a result, based on US Energy Information and National Resources Canada (2010) world crude oil price is predicted to climb up to average of $101 per barrel, which affected adversely to the existence of crude oil tanker market. Large size crude oil tanker especially, will suffered a greater impact than the small ones, since they purposely built in order to serve the large crude oil market. 4. WORLD COAL TRADE Coal is the commodity that plays a substantial role worldwide with the utilisation in almost every important sector of industry. World Coal Institute (2011) stated that in the present time steam coal utilised in power generation, which has the 39 per cent proportion of the world’s electricity utilisation, whilst coking coal are mainly utilised for iron and steel production. According to IEA (2011) prior to 2030 the coal consumption will increase as much as 53 per cent and the apportionment mostly about 85 per cent will be contributed from China and India. It is predicted that even before 2015, China’s import will outweigh their exports, whilst India is traditionally a net importer of Coal. Meanwhile in the producers point of view, Australia which represents 25 per cent of global trade will raise their production up to 30 per cent by 2030, which means if China and India will depends on seaborne transportations from producer like this country or other producers such as Indonesia, Colombia and South Africa. As a consequence of long distance of transportation and concerning the high cost of transport because of that, the coal trade worldwide is divided into two different regions of operation that are the Atlantic and the Pacific. The Atlantic route serving the European market such as UK, Germany and Spain, whilst the Pacific consists of countries like China and India. The 2030 complete coal trade route is presented in the figure 7 below. Increment of global coal consumption and wide range of coal trade transported by seaborne transportation affect the amount of cargo carried by ships to serve the market. DNV (2009) estimated that in that year the number of Capesize coal bulk carriers load would reach 7000 ships increase from 4700 shiploads in 2006. Additionally, significant increase in number of shipload consequently force the port authority to develop their infrastructure in order to for the ship to maintain the economy of scale of their operation. Therefore, the authority should invested large amount of money to develop their infrastructure. EXAMPLE. Even though it is important in raise the port capacity, not every country concern about this aspect. Australia, for instance, despite coal trade has an account of 23 per cent of total export and worth over A$ 52 billion a year, the government would not make an investment on that. They insisted the state government or the company should cover that responsibility. 5. DEVELOPMENT OF LNG TRADE According to Bull (2012) world LNG trade in the year 2030 is forecasted to reach a significant amount compared to the current condition with the demand over 880 bcm by the end of that year. The growth of this commodity influenced by huge development on the gas field globally that were forced by country’s economic growth, which requires to improve energy structure and sustainability (He, 2005). As BP explained in 2012 Statistical Review, natural gas has abundant reserves worldwide, therefore the utilisation of this type of energy specifically in the liquid form or LNG is expected to bring a better energy structure to the industry. Middle East still the major exporters supplemented by Asia Pacific countries lead by Indonesia and Australia (Bull, 2012). Qatar will expand their production through the years and is projected to be the LNG export hub in the region. In addition, Iran also has the potential to be the leading country of LNG exporter but the current sanction applied to the oil trade and high tension in the Strait of Hormuz will potentially lead to other seaborne trade sanction in that area and prohibit them to trade globally. Moreover, the development on new facilities in Indonesia and myriad in Australia could generate this region to be the world leading exporter with the capacity forecasted to reach 238 bcm. In the import perspective, European and East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea still a primary market. In Europe, countries like Spain, UK, and France still top producers, whilst Sweden, Poland, and the Netherland expected to join the market. Total demand forecast of this region is predicted to reach up to 300 bcm. Meanwhile, Eastern Asia has a total demand of 330 bcm by the end of this period with Japan and Korea will remain the largest LNG consumer. China is following them with the high growth rate of demand. Aforementioned, by the end of this period total LNG trade will reach the number of 880 bcm, which is a very large number compared with the 2011 condition that only 310 bcm. Export will mostly contributed from Qatar and Australia, whilst large-scale demand will be from Asian Countries and new developed LNG importer such as Sweden and Poland. The complete of LNG trade flows 2030 presented in figure 5 below. With high forecast of LNG trade in the future and according to DIW (2009) as they presented in the Figure 5, the trade is very likely involving countries from different regions with a long distance of trade, therefore the requirements for LNG fleet is inevitable. Emirates247 (2008) projected the number of LNG tanker fleet will reach 700 ships that year and Bull (2012) predict in more optimistic approach with the projection approximately 900 number of ships. This figure 6 below presented the development of LNG fleet from 2011 to 2030 according to Bull’s projection. With that high number and steady growth through the years, it is very unlikely to scrap this type of ship and it is very potential to make the investment on this ship regarding high demand of LNG in the future. 6. SEABORNE BIOFUEL BUSINESS PROSPECTS 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Report on Peters Principle Essay Example

Report on Peters Principle Paper In a hierarchically structured administration, people tend to be promoted up to their level of incompetence. Thus, every position will eventually be occupied by someone who is not quite capable of doing the job. This maxim was Peters response to the universal question of why things go wrong. The thing is that it is human nature to blame other people for their mistakes. So, I think we shouldnt be surprised that everybody immediately grasped the principle because everybody recognized that their own boss was an example of the principle in action. Top-down organizations operate under the Peter Principle, which as we already mentioned, states that everyone within the organization rises to the level of his own incompetence. As long as someone is competent, he will continue to perform well and be promoted for it. However, there will come a time when he is no longer competent enough to be promoted for what he is doing, and he will inevitably remain in that position so that his incompetence can be blamed for all of the other incompetence that flows from the managers directly above him who were promoted in exactly the same way. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Peters Principle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Peters Principle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Peters Principle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In top-down organizations managers are focused on processes and regulations. They do not support their employees as much as they control them. Managers do the thinking, employees do the doing. Finally, a company with a top-down structure is competitively disadvantaged in the long run. In order to stay in business and remain competitive, companies have to be, run smoother, be more cost effective, grasp innovation, build leaders, and be able to change quickly and be flexible above all else. Careers were made and careers were shattered and destroyed as people reacted, and to our strong belief highly overreacted, to Dr. Peters great insight. The point is that when we read the case, at first we were astonished, as Peters principle sounded so truthful, BUT after analyzing the topic we concluded that it had some significant faults. They are as follows:Â   Its not wise to promote incompetent people to higher positions. The Laws of Gravity always prevail, making them eventually falling back down on you, taking the whole organization with them; Weve heard of way too many successful and extremely talented managers and people in other fields, (we exclude Georgia in many cases, of course:();Â   A person may be unable to reach their level of incompetence for a simple reason such as that higher level in a given hierarchy simply doesnt exist; Peter suggests that every person is motivated and wishing to get promoted, but all of us have heard of people stuck on their jobs. Its just that some prefer to stay in their places; because they might love the job theyre assigned to, or hysterically afraid to get a promotion, as they have low self-esteem and underestimate their capabilities which results in fearing new position and/or being unable to fulfill the high expectations, or a person can in fact know for real he is not fit for the suggested position. Unfortunately, the more afraid a person is, the worse his/her mistakes are, and the more closely that someone has to be watched over, and the less we justify forcing the person to accept the so called irresistible offer! To avoid the feared and undesirable promotion people start simulating incompetence. We think in the case it is very well described and dont consider necessary to deepen the issue. Instead we want to emphasize your attention on the following: To get promotion being competent on existing position is not enough, as there are numerous strong obstacles that prevent a persons going up in the organizations hierarchy. For one thing lets take our country for example. To get promotion in Georgia you need the help of a so called strong hand, as at least 80% of workers get promoted thanks to their relatives and/or close acquaintances. Now lets try to analyze Peters Principle from managers point of view. What can be said is what we already mentioned: It is highly unwise to promote people to their own level of incompetence. Why? We think the answer is obvious, if you want your organization to stay in business you MUST have very smart and competent employees, and thats what we have in reality. Managers do try to have competent people do the job, and so far, thank God, they successfully handle it most of the time. We should not forget that people need to be treated with respect, knowing that their input matters and their ideas can change how things are done. They need to know that someone is proud of them for doing their jobs well. Everyone is an expert at something. And we emphasize the importance of the previous sentence. It was all we wanted to share with you at this point and we can only wish and hope we made our ideas clear as crystal and they are acceptable, as the topic contained immense opportunities and unfortunately we couldnt possibly cover all the angles no matter how much we wanted to.